Rising Cases of Degenerative Disc Disease in Young Adults: Causes, Risks and Prevention
The number of young adults diagnosed with degenerative disc disease (DDD) is on the rise, a trend that raises significant concerns. Traditionally associated with aging, disc degeneration is now being observed in individuals as young as their late teens and twenties.
This shift highlights the impact of modern lifestyles, including sedentary habits, poor posture and excessive screen time. An article in The Straits Times discusses how more teens and young adults are suffering from back pain and conditions like degenerative disc disease, which were once mainly seen in older individuals. As the article explains, poor posture and prolonged screen time contribute to these issues. Understanding the causes, risks and prevention strategies is crucial to mitigating the long-term effects of this condition.
What is Degenerative Disc Disease
Degenerative disc disease refers to the gradual breakdown of the intervertebral discs, which act as cushions between the bones of the spine. These discs provide flexibility and shock absorption, ensuring smooth movement of the spine. Over time, wear and tear can cause the discs to lose hydration and elasticity, leading to pain, stiffness and reduced mobility.
While some degree of disc degeneration is a normal part of aging, in young adults, it can occur prematurely due to various lifestyle and genetic factors.
Common symptoms of degenerative disc disease in young adults include:
- Persistent lower back or neck pain that worsens with movement
- Stiffness or reduced flexibility in the spine
- Pain that radiates to the arms, legs or buttocks, often due to nerve compression
- Muscle weakness or numbness, indicating possible nerve involvement
Why Are More Young People Affected
Several factors contribute to the increasing prevalence of degenerative disc disease in younger individuals.
- Sedentary Lifestyles and Prolonged Screen Time: Many young adults spend extended periods sitting at desks, using computers or looking down at mobile devices. This lack of movement reduces blood flow to the spine and accelerates disc degeneration.
- Poor Posture and Improper Ergonomics: Slouching, hunching over screens and improper lifting techniques place excessive strain on the spinal discs, hastening their deterioration.
- High-Impact Sports and Physical Strain: While regular exercise is essential for spine health, high-impact sports and improper weightlifting techniques can lead to spinal injuries, contributing to early-onset DDD.
- Genetic Predisposition and Other Risk Factors: Some individuals are genetically more prone to degenerative disc disease, making them susceptible to early disc wear even with proper lifestyle habits. Other contributing factors include smoking, obesity and poor nutrition, which impair spinal health and slow the body's ability to repair damaged discs.
Degenerative Disc Disease Diagnosis and Treatment at Ortho Spineworks
Diagnosis is essential to determine the optimal treatment approach and prevent further complications. Our spine surgeon, Dr. Gamaliel Tan, will begin with a thorough physical examination, assessing spinal mobility, nerve function and areas of discomfort. Patients will also be asked about their medical history, lifestyle habits and the nature of their symptoms.
To confirm disc degeneration, imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs or CT scans may be required. These diagnostic tools can reveal disc height loss, herniation and structural abnormalities. In some cases, a Myelogram may be recommended for a more detailed evaluation of spinal nerve compression.
The treatment plan for degenerative disc disease varies based on the severity of symptoms and individual needs.
Non-surgical approaches are typically the first line of treatment and may include:
- Physical Therapy: Strengthening the core and back muscles can improve spinal support and reduce pain
- Pain Management: Anti-inflammatory medications and muscle relaxants help control discomfort and inflammation
- Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining good posture, staying active and avoiding smoking can slow disc deterioration
- Minimally Invasive Procedures: Injections such as epidural steroid injections may provide temporary relief for nerve-related pain
For severe cases where conservative treatments are ineffective, surgical interventions may be necessary. Our spine surgeon can help determine suitable treatment based on the patient’s condition and long-term health goals.
At Ortho Spineworks, we are dedicated to providing specialised care for spine conditions. Led by Dr. Gamaliel Tan, an experienced orthopaedic surgeon, our clinic focuses on endoscopic spine surgery and motion preservation techniques such as artificial disc replacements. Dr. Tan has experience managing spine degeneration, fractures, tumours, infections and deformities.
With a foundation in evidence-based care, we combine expertise, surgical techniques and a patient-centred approach to help individuals regain mobility and live pain-free. Our clinic also works with various insurance partners, ensuring accessible spine care for all patients.
The Long-Term Consequences of Degenerative Disc Disease
If left untreated, degenerative disc disease can lead to chronic pain and significant mobility issues. The continuous breakdown of spinal discs reduces their ability to cushion the vertebrae, leading to increased friction, inflammation and potential spinal deformities.
Long-term complications include:
- Chronic pain: Persistent discomfort can affect work, exercise and daily activities, leading to a decreased quality of life
- Reduced mobility: Stiffness and pain can make simple movements like bending or walking difficult, affecting independence
- Nerve damage: Severe disc degeneration may cause nerve compression, leading to numbness, weakness or even loss of function in the limbs
- Mental health impact: Chronic pain can contribute to anxiety, depression and reduced overall well-being, further complicating treatment
How to Protect Your Spine and Prevent Degenerative Disc Disease
Taking proactive steps can significantly reduce the risk of developing degenerative disc disease at a young age. Effective prevention include:
- Posture and Ergonomic Adjustments: Maintaining good posture while sitting, standing and lifting can reduce strain on the spine. Using ergonomic chairs, standing desks and supportive footwear can help prevent unnecessary spinal stress.
- Exercise and Physical Therapy: Strengthening the core muscles provides better spinal support. Low-impact exercises such as swimming, yoga and stretching improve flexibility and reduce pressure on the discs.
- Healthy Lifestyle Choices: A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, staying hydrated and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can support spinal health.
Prioritise Spine Health Through Early Diagnosis and Treatment
The rising prevalence of degenerative disc disease in young adults is a growing concern, but early intervention can make a significant difference. By understanding the risks and adopting healthier lifestyle habits, individuals can protect their spine health and prevent long-term complications.
Dr. Gamaliel Tan specialises in treating degenerative disc disease and other spinal conditions using tailored techniques tailored to each patient’s needs. Whether you require conservative management or surgical intervention, seeking comprehensive care can make a significant difference in your spine health and overall well-being.
HOW TO REACH OUT FOR HELP
If you’re experiencing persistent back pain or other symptoms of disc degeneration, consulting our spine surgeon is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Prioritising spinal care today can help maintain mobility, reduce pain and improve overall well-being in the long run. You can reach out by phone, WhatsApp or by filling out the contact form on the website to take the first step toward recovery.